Green Cards: Improving Processing Time & Strategies

Choosing the correct and most suitable immigration classification and category when initiating and applying for green card status in and to the U.S. is extremely important. Depending on the type and/or classification of the green card, the wait time to obtain green card status varies tremendously, and the difference can be several months, to several years or even decades.

Immigrating to the U.S. via sponsorships through certain skill sets are effective ways to legally and permanently live and work in the U.S., or gain legal permanent residency status in the U.S.

The green card cases, based on skill sets or employable skills, in the U.S. fall under several preference categories. Some green card cases require employer sponsorships and some do not.

Some of the categories include, but are not limited to, green card employment-based preference 1 category (“EB-1”), employment-based preference 2 category (“EB-2”), and employment-based preference 3 category (“EB-3”). Choosing the most effective employment-based green card preference category is important to the foreign nationals for many reasons. Many EB-1 and EB-2 green card cases can be self-petitions, and this means, they do not require employer-sponsorships. For foreign nationals who have any green card cases (whether or not based on employment) that have been pending for too long, right now will be a good time to review various self-petition green card options. The differences in the various EB categories include, but are not limited to:

1. Many employment-based green card cases require sponsorships by employers. Other employment-based green card cases do not require the sponsorships of any specific employers, and can be self-petitions or self-sponsorships by the foreign national themselves.

a) For example, an EB-3 green card case requires the sponsorship by an employer.

b) On the other hand, an EB-2 national interest waiver green card case that is based on the foreign national’s contribution to the industry does not require the sponsorship by an employer.

c) An EB-1 extraordinary ability green card case is a self-petition immigration case, and does not require the sponsorship by an employer. Certain EB-1 green card cases require the sponsorship by an employer.

2. The wait time for green card cases for the various employment-based preference categories or cases can vary widely, ranging from several weeks or several months, to almost 9 years, because their wait time are tied to the employment-based preference category and the foreign national beneficiary’s country of birth (not nationality).

a) For example, the wait time to receive a green card based on an EB-1 case is tremendously shorter (several months or weeks) than an EB-3 case (many years) because immigrant visa numbers are more readily available for an EB-1 than an EB-3 case. Also, the wait time for an EB-2 national interest waiver case is tremendously shorter (several months or weeks) for, not all, but many countries.

b) For example, under an EB-2 case based on PERM, it takes substantially longer for a foreign national who was born in India or China to receive his/her green card (several years) than a foreign national who was born in other countries.

c) However, if a foreign national who was born in India or China is eligible and is applying for an EB-1 green card case, the wait time will be tremendously shortened.

d) Other than a bona fide marriage to a U.S. citizen, having relatives to provide immigration sponsorships to foreign nationals are by no means good solutions. Certain family-based green card sponsorships could take decades to come through.

For more information on the current immigrant visa number availability, please visit the immigrant visa bulletin at the website of the U.S. Department of States at

http://travel.state.gov/visa/bulletin/bulletin_1360.html

3. Moreover, the green card processing time at the various government agencies changes from time to time, depending on diverse factors such as their immigration case load, number of green card applicants in a given period, new law and/or policies.

a) The processing time for the various employment-based green card categories can retrogress (take much longer than the government’s previously estimated processing time).

b) For example, the processing time for many EB-3 green card cases retrogressed from a processing time of about 8.5 years in April 2009, to a sudden halt (no processing) for the month of May 2009 when immigrant visa numbers became unavailable for May 2009 because the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (“USCIS”) cannot adjudicate green card adjustment of status cases without the available immigrant visa numbers.

e) For more information on the immigrant visa number availability (especially for April and May 2009), please visit the immigrant visa bulletin at the website of U.S. Department of States at

http://travel.state.gov/visa/bulletin/bulletin_1360.html

4. Some foreign nationals are deterred and discouraged by the dampening economy from, or their dim view in securing U.S. employment, and/or immigration or green card sponsorships.

a) For foreign nationals who do not have or wish to secure immigration sponsorships by U.S. employers, being able to apply for employment-based green card by themselves without any specific employers (i.e. self petitions or self sponsorships) can make a huge difference in their lives.
For example, the differences of either falling into illegal immigration status in the U.S.; not coming or immigrating to the U.S. or having to leave the U.S. (most often, after years of being in the U.S. with established social circles and families here); or the privileges and opportunities to live and anywhere in the U.S. with U.S. permanent residency status, and eventually, the opportunity to apply for U.S. citizenships.

In summary, choosing the most effective category of green card cases means the difference of waiting decades for your green card, to several months or weeks. Having a green card much sooner also means having the opportunities to choose to live and work anywhere in the U.S., and eventually, to apply to be U.S. citizens.

By Aik Wan Kok, Attorney at Law, at Tiya PLC; Tel: 202-506-9767
www.tiyaimmigration.com ; http://tiyalaw.blogspot.com ; www.immigrationresource.net

We represent companies, and individuals and their families in U.S. immigration law such as green card, work visa and waiver matters. We represent clients within the U.S. and abroad.

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This article is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be relied on as a legal advice or an attorney-client relationship.

Permanent or long-term residency in the U.S. does not mean “permanent”, even for those with U.S. citizen spouse/child(ren), I-131 advance parole/re-entry permit, and/or green card!

Prior to traveling internationally or submitting United States (U.S.) immigration applications, foreign nationals or non-U.S.-citizens (including green card holders) with certain histories should have their immigration backgrounds analyzed and evaluated thoroughly, and/or their immigration applications properly prepared.

These certain histories include, but are not limited to: (a) the commission of certain crime, or even possible commission of misrepresentation/fraud to obtain or attempt to obtain immigration benefits in or to the U.S.; (b) certain medical conditions; (c) certain period(s) of illegal presence in the U.S.; (d) abandonment (intentional/unintentional); and/or (e) certain removal/deportation experience with the U.S. immigration law.

For example, many non-U.S.-citizens and their U.S. citizen families, often times, encountered harrowing experiences when they learned, for the first time, that the non-U.S.-citizen family members are prohibited for a proscribed period (such as 3 years, 5 years, or 10 years) from entering or re-entering the U.S.; or are being removed/deported, or charged with removal/deportation, from the U.S. To the surprise of many, this may be so even if the non-U.S.-citizen has U.S. citizen spouse/child(ren), grew up in the U.S., and/or even has a green card.

For foreign nationals or non-U.S.-citizens who are already stranded abroad as a result of the time bar, the process and wait-time for applying for a waiver, such as an I-601 extreme hardship waiver (I-601 waiver), are complex, lengthy and extremely stressful to both the non-citizens, and their aggrieved family members in the U.S. This is because the adjudication and grant of a waiver such as an I-601 waiver are inherently highly discretionary; and the wait-time for an I-601 waiver immigration adjudication office varies widely, from 6 months to 1 year. Certain adjudication offices can take several years to adjudicate an I-601 waiver while an extremely small number of adjudication offices may only take several days to several weeks.

As a result, family separation is often lengthy and uncertain, and for the unfortunate ones, permanent.

A. At present, for example, certain foreign nationals (non-green card holders) who have been illegally present in the U.S. for more than 180 days or one year; and have either departed the U.S. or have previously departed and re-entered the U.S. without the appropriate waiver, within the proscribed/prohibited period of time bar of either 3 years or 10 years, respectively, will need an I-601 extreme hardship waiver (“I-601 waiver”) if they are to be allowed to return to or remain in the U.S.

This 3-year/10-year bar also applies to foreign nationals with pending green card cases who traveled or are traveling on I-131 advance paroles, if they have been illegally present in the U.S. for more than 180 days or one year, respectively.

B. For example, under certain circumstances, to the surprise of many, even green card holders or lawful permanent residents (even for those who have lived in the U.S. for most of their lives), may experience the following:

(i) Under certain circumstances, green card holders may need an I-601 waiver if they are to be allowed to remain in or return to the U.S.; or
(ii) Under certain circumstances, green card holders may be considered to have abandoned their green card status (intentionally or even unintentionally) which include, but are not limited to, prolonged or frequent absences from the U.S., or working abroad. Having a re-entry permit will not necessarily prevent a finding of abandonment of green card status; or
(iii) Moreover, revocation of green card status may occur such as if there is a finding of fraud, misrepresentation or initial ineligibility.

C. For example, foreign nationals or non-U.S.-citizens (including green card holders) with certain criminal histories may need an I-601 waiver if they are to be allowed to enter, return to or remain in the U.S.

D. For instance, certain foreign nationals who have removal/deportation orders may need an I-212 waiver if they are to be allowed to return to the U.S.

E. Similarly, some foreign nationals or non-U.S.-citizens (including green card holders) with U.S. immigration applications previously denied, or even approved, under limited situations may, years later, discover that they need an I-601 waiver.

By Aik Wan Kok, Attorney at Law, at Tiya PLC; Tel: 202-506-9767
www.tiyaimmigration.com ; http://tiyalaw.blogspot.com ; www.immigrationresource.net

We represent employers, and individuals and their families in green card and work visa matters in U.S. immigration law. We represent clients within the U.S. and abroad.

All Rights Reserved.
This article is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be relied on as a legal advice or an attorney-client relationship.

Advantages of U.S. Citizenship, Becoming a U.S. Citizen and New Naturalization Test

A. New Naturalization Test

Beginning October 1, 2009, all U.S. citizenship applicants must take the new naturalization test, regardless of when they filed for their Form N-400 Applications for Naturalization. Since October 1, 2008, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has a new naturalization test for applicants of the N-400 Applications for Naturalization to become U.S. citizens. However, up until October 1, 2009, U.S. citizenship applicants who had filed for their Form N-400 Applications for Naturalization before October 1, 2008, had a choice of taking the old naturalization test or the new naturalization test.

The new naturalization test (see www.uscis.gov/citizenship) emphasizes on the fundamental concepts of American democracy, basic U.S. history, and the rights and responsibilities of U.S. citizenship. As of September 30, 2009, the USCIS estimated that it has a 91% overall pass rate for the new naturalization test.

Some U.S. citizen applicants may be exempted or may apply for waiver from the U.S. naturalization test, depending on the criteria.

B. Criteria for Applying for U.S. Citizenship

The criteria for applying for U.S. citizenship vary from case to case. In general, a green card holder or permanent resident who has been continuously residing for at least half of the 5 years in the U.S. since receiving green card status may apply for U.S. citizenship or naturalization, depending on the criteria. However, a green card holder or permanent resident who is married to a U.S. citizen spouse for three years, and who has been continuously residing for at least half of the 3 years in the U.S. since receiving green card status, may apply for U.S. citizenship or naturalization, depending on the criteria.

In addition, under certain circumstances, children born to U.S. citizen parent(s) abroad may apply for U.S. passport, depending on the criteria.

C. Advantages of Being a U.S. Citizen

The advantages of being a U.S. citizen are bountiful such as the opportunities to apply for a U.S. passport; or to sponsor his/her spouse, children (of all ages), parents, and siblings for green card status. Under current U.S. immigration law, U.S. green card holders or permanent residents have limited options when it comes to family immigration sponsorship for their relatives.

For example, at present, the U.S. immigration law does not afford a green card holder or lawful permanent resident the opportunity to file for a family sponsorship for his/her parent.

Furthermore, some U.S. green card holders or permanent residents, even for those who grew up in the U.S. and knew U.S. as their only home, may unwittingly lose their green card status through abandonment or other legal mechanisms, thereby leading to deportation from the U.S.

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This article is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be relied on as a legal advice or an attorney-client relationship. For more information, please contact Aik Wan Kok, Immigration Attorney at Tiya PLC, at koka@tiyalaw.com, aikwan.kok@gmail.com, 202-506-9767 (office), 703-772-8224, and/or www.tiyaimmigration.com. Tiya PLC is a U.S. professional law practice specializing in U.S. immigration law. Ms. Kok and Tiya PLC provide legal representation to foreign nationals and their families, employers and companies in all stages and aspects of green card and work visa matters.

Tired of Waiting for Your Pending Green Card Cases? Consider Other Employment-Based Green Card Options!

Immigrating to the U.S. via sponsorships through employment or certain skill sets are effective ways to legally and permanently live and work in the U.S., or gain legal permanent residency status in the U.S.

The employment-based green card cases in the U.S. fall under several preference categories. Some of the categories include, but are not limited to, green card employment-based preference 1 category (“EB-1”), employment-based preference 2 category (“EB-2”), and employment-based preference 3 category (“EB-3”). Choosing the most effective employment-based green card preference category is important to the foreign nationals for many reasons. For foreign nationals who have any green card cases (whether or not based on employment) that have been pending for too long, right now will be a good time to review various employment-based green card options. The differences in the various EB categories include, but are not limited to:

1. Many employment-based green card cases require sponsorships by employers. Other employment-based green card cases do not require the sponsorships of any specific employers, and can be self-petitions or self-sponsorships by the foreign national themselves.


a) For example, an EB-3 green card case requires the sponsorship by an employer.

b) On the other hand, an EB-2 national interest waiver green card case that is based on the foreign national’s contribution to the industry does not require the sponsorship by an employer.

c) An EB-1 extraordinary ability green card case does not require the sponsorship by an employer.

2. The waiting time for green card cases for the various employment-based preference categories or cases can vary widely, ranging from several weeks or several months, to almost 9 years, because their wait time are tied to the employment-based preference category and the foreign national beneficiary’s country of birth (not nationality).

a) For example, the waiting time to receive a green card based on an EB-1 case is tremendously shorter (several months or weeks) than an EB-3 case (7 to 9 years) because immigrant visa numbers are more readily available for an EB-1 than an EB-3 case.

b) For example, under an EB-2 case based on PERM, it takes much longer for a foreign national who was born in India or China to receive his/her green card (4 to 5 years) than a foreign national who was born in other countries (2 to 3 years).

c) However, if a foreign national who was born in India or China is eligible and is applying for an EB-1 green card case, the wait time will be tremendously shorten.

d) For more information on the immigrant visa number availability (especially for October 2009), please visit the immigrant visa bulletin at the website of the U.S. Department of States at

http://travel.state.gov/visa/frvi/bulletin/bulletin_1360.html

3. Moreover, the green card processing time at the various government agencies changes from time to time, depending on diverse factors such as their immigration case load, number of green card applicants in a given period, new law and/or policies.

a) The processing time for the various employment-based green card categories can retrogress (take much longer than the government’s previously estimated processing time).

b) For example, the processing time for many EB-3 green card cases retrogressed from a processing time of about 8.5 years in April 2009, to a sudden halt (no processing) for the month of May 2009 when immigrant visa numbers became unavailable for May 2009 because the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (“USCIS”) cannot adjudicate green card adjustment of status cases without the available immigrant visa numbers.

e) For more information on the immigrant visa number availability (especially for April and May 2009), please visit the immigrant visa bulletin at the website of U.S. Department of States at

http://travel.state.gov/visa/frvi/bulletin/bulletin_1360.html

4. Some foreign nationals are deterred and discouraged by the dampening economy from, or their dim view in securing U.S. employment, and/or immigration or green card sponsorships.

a) For foreign nationals who do not have or wish to secure immigration sponsorships by U.S. employers, being able to apply for employment-based green card by themselves without any specific employers (i.e. self petitions or self sponsorships) can make a huge difference in their lives.

For example, the differences of either falling into illegal immigration status in the U.S.; not coming or immigrating to the U.S. or having to leave the U.S. (most often, after years of being in the U.S. with established social circles and families here); or the privileges and opportunities to work and live anywhere in the U.S. with U.S. permanent residency status, and eventually, the opportunity to apply for U.S. citizenships.

In summary, choosing the most effective category of green card cases means the difference of waiting almost a decade for your green card, to several months or weeks. Having a green card much sooner also means having the opportunities to choose to live and work anywhere in the U.S., and eventually, to apply to be U.S. citizens.

All Rights Reserved.


For more information, please contact Aik Wan Kok, Immigration Attorney, at koka@tiyalaw.com, 703-772-8224 or www.tiyalaw.com (coming soon: www.tiyaimmigration.com).


Ms. Kok at Tiya PLC represents companies, foreign national employees, families, and individuals, and those who wish to live and work in the U.S. in wide-ranging immigration law matters in applying for green card, work visa and U.S. citizenship. We have experience in cases such as EB-1, EB-2, EB-3, extraordinary ability, outstanding researcher or professor, national interest waiver, J waiver, extreme hardship waiver, I-601 waiver, I-212 waiver, H-1B specialty occupation worker, H-3 trainee, L-1A intracompany executive or manager, L-1B specialized knowledge professional, E-2 treaty investor, E-2 employees, PERM permanent labor certification, J trainee, J intern, I-140 Immigrant Petition, I-485 Adjustment of Status Application. We represent immigration cases before the U.S. government agencies such as the U.S. Consulates abroad, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services and U.S. Department of States.


With more than a decade of professional immigration law experience with excellent results, we are your best source of professional U.S. immigration law services.


This article is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be relied on as a legal advice or an attorney-client relationship.

Comprehensive Immigration Reform - Pathway to U.S. Immigration Status and Citizenship!

In conferences and radio interview held in August 2009, President Obama has reaffirmed his position in pursuing legislative action on comprehensive immigration reform, in 2010, of the currently broken U.S. immigration systems, after attending to more critical issues such as U.S. healthcare and financial reform.

Comprehensive immigration reform is a highly advocated proposal by the U.S. government to create immigration systems to provide immigration status and citizenship to millions of undocumented foreign nationals who are currently in the U.S., as well as providing opportunities for other foreign nationals to work and live in the U.S. under efficient and regulated processes.

Foreign nationals are vital to the U.S. economy, especially during this international economic crisis. Foreign nationals often bring with them diverse skill sets to fill the labor shortages for work which could not be completely filled by U.S. citizens. In addition, the diverse cultures and backgrounds of foreign nationals generate new and increased demands and services in the U.S., which in turn, will positively stimulate the economy and create additional jobs. The U.S. has been a country which has historically thrived on the contributions of immigrants and U.S. natives, and will continue to be so.

As a former immigrant and an immigration attorney, I have experienced the U.S. immigration systems on both personal and professional levels. After years of good faith efforts by the U.S. government to implement piecemeal immigration law (which often do not work in harmony with the other immigration law) to address immigration issues, the execution of the U.S. immigration law has become cumbersome and extremely difficult. A comprehensive immigration reform in the U.S. is crucial to a well-regulated society, workforce and economy.

It is not possible to halt illegal immigration into the U.S. The only way to implement fully functioning immigration systems for a well-regulated nation in the U.S. would be to allow legal entries of foreign nationals in orderly, systematic and regulated manners under harmonious comprehensive immigration systems.

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For more information, please contact Aik Wan Kok, Immigration Attorney, at koka@tiyalaw.com, 703-772-8224 or http://www.tiyalaw.com/. Ms. Kok at Tiya PLC represents companies and foreign nationals in the areas of immigration law (e.g. work authorization, green card and I-9 compliance). With more than a decade of professional immigration law experience with excellent results, we are your best source of professional U.S. immigration law services.

This article is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be relied on as a legal advice or an attorney-client relationship.

Will the Long-Awaited Proposed Legislation on Providing Green Card/Permanent Imigration Status to, & Uniting Families from Abroad Finally Becomes Law?

An important proposed legislation that seeks to promote timely unification of, and legal permanent residence status (also known as green card) to relatives abroad with their families in the U.S. has been reintroduced to the U.S. Senate. The Uniting American Families Act would help legal immigrants unite with and confer legal permanent residence (green card) status to their families from abroad and end the decade-long waiting periods for legal immigrant visas by, among other things, recapturing unused immigrant visas and eliminating the tragically long family immigration backlogs. The U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary has scheduled a hearing on "The Uniting American Families Act: Addressing Inequality in Federal Immigration Law" on June 3, 2009.

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For more information, please contact Aik Wan Kok, Immigration Attorney, at koka@tiyalaw.com, 703-772-8224 or www.tiyalaw.com. Ms. Kok at Tiya PLC represents companies and foreign nationals in the areas of immigration law (e.g. work authorization, green card and I-9 compliance). With more than a decade of professional immigration law experience with excellent results, we are your best source of professional U.S. immigration law services.

This article is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be relied on as a legal advice or an attorney-client relationship.